Sandy beaches ecosytems
Increasing erosion/sediment loss related to storms, waves and SLR, as well as impacts of warming and acidification on species (migration, reduction in body size, mortality). Changes in beach morphology, dune scarping, vegetation loss, reduction in beach area and turtle nesting sites. Sandy beaches are highly dynamical systems (e.g. through sediment relocation and landward expansion), with a natural adaptation capacity including through the redistribution of species; however, human activities constrain this natural adaptation, in particular by restricting landward migration ('coastal squeeze'). [5.ES, 5.3.7, Table SM5.8a]
Undetectable to moderate (white to yellow) |
min |
0.9
|
medium confidence
|
max |
1.8
|
Within a low emission scenario, the risk is expected to become only slightly higher than present. [5.3.7]
Moderate to high (yellow to red) |
min |
2.3
|
low confidence
|
max |
3.0
|
The risk of losing habitats for flora and fauna is expected to rise to a high level under a high emission scenario by the end of the 21st century [5.3.7]
ecosystems, coast, sea-level, RKR-B.C, RKR-A
5.3.3, 5.3.7, Table SM5.8a, Table SM5.8b
Bindoff, N.L., W.W.L. Cheung, J.G. Kairo, J. Arístegui, V.A. Guinder, R. Hallberg, N. Hilmi, N. Jiao, M.S. Karim, L. Levin, S. O’Donoghue, S.R. Purca Cuicapusa, B. Rinkevich, T. Suga, A. Tagliabue, and P. Williamson, 2019: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities.. In: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, N.M. Weyer (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 447-587. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157964.007
Alternative direct download: www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2022/03/07_SROCC_Ch05_FINAL.pdf
Data and additional information are usually obtained from the supplementary material (SM):
Bindoff, N.L., W.W.L. Cheung, J.G. Kairo, J. Arístegui, V.A. Guinder, R. Hallberg, N. Hilmi, N. Jiao, M.S. Karim, L. Levin, S. O’Donoghue, S.R. Purca Cuicapusa, B. Rinkevich, T. Suga, A. Tagliabue, and P. Williamson, 2019: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities. Supplementary Material. In: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, N.M. Weyer (eds.)], url: www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2022/03/SROCC_Ch05-SM_FINAL.pdf
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Last updated on Nov. 5, 2024, 9:25 p.m..