Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity loss
Losses of animal and plant species from different ecosystems globally, with resulting declines in ecosystem integrity, functioning and resilience [Figure 2.11]
Undetectable to moderate (white to yellow) |
min |
0.6
|
high confidence
|
max |
1.0
|
Observations revealed the first species losing >50% of range due to climate change, placing them in the IUCN category of ‘endangered’. Many local population extinctions were observed in the most sensitive species, and global extinction of species attributable to climate change first starts to be detected. [Table SM2.5, 2.4.2.2]
Moderate to high (yellow to red) |
min |
0.875
|
medium confidence
|
max |
2.025
|
Around 1.5°C, a few taxa are known from their basic biology and habitat requirements to be at high risk of extinction (endangered). In an increasing number of taxa, more than 10% of the species are projected to reach a high risk of extinction (this is 1000 times the natural background rate of extinction). [Table 2.5]
High to very high (red to purple) |
min |
1.6
|
medium confidence
|
max |
2.55
|
In an increasing number of taxa, more than 20% of species are projected to reach a high risk of extinction. In the worst-case scenario (10th percentile of the models), some of the taxa show >50% of the species at a high risk of extinction [Table 2.5, Table SM2.5, 2.5.1.3]
We did not include the median values, provided in SM2.5, because these are always equal to the mean of min and max: it does not have any effect on the diagram. The statements provided to explain each transitions are attributed to the median (that is, the middle of the transition).
ecosystems, land, freshwater, RKR-B.T
Parmesan, C., M.D.Morecroft, Y.Trisurat, R.Adrian, G.Z.Anshari, A.Arneth, Q.Gao, P.Gonzalez, R.Harris, J.Price, N. Stevens, and G.H. Talukdarr, 2022: Terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and their services. In: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Pörtner, H.-O., D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 197-377. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844.004
Alternative direct download: www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter02.pdf
Data and additional information are usually obtained from the supplementary material (SM):
Parmesan, C., M.D.Morecroft, Y.Trisurat, R.Adrian, G.Z.Anshari, A.Arneth, Q.Gao, P.Gonzalez, R.Harris, J.Price, N. Stevens, and G.H. Talukdarr, 2022: Terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and their services Supplementary Material. In: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Pörtner, H.-O., D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)], url: www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter02_SM.pdf
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However, every effort is made to ensure that data resulting from IPCC assessments are accurately represented here, with due reference to sources.
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Last updated on Sept. 26, 2024, 12:36 p.m..